Good question — I’m not 100% sure. I'm not an expert on Ruby or JS internals, and I haven’t studied their execution models deeply. But in theory, if the language is stack-based (or can be mapped cleanly onto a stack machine), and if the ISA is broad enough to cover their needs, it could be possible. Right now, PyXL’s ISA is tuned around Python’s patterns — but generalizing it for other languages would definitely be an interesting challenge.

I assume Lua would fit the bill then definitely.

Edit: Just want to mention that this sounds like a super interesting project. I have to admit that I struggled to see where python was run on the hardware when mentioning custom toolchains and a compilation step. But the important aspect is that your hardware runs this similar to how a vm would run it with all dynamic aspects of the language included. I wonder similar to a parent comment if something similar for wasm would be worth having.

Extending that, WASM execution could be interesting to explore.