I would say that consequences are exactly the modification of weights and biases when models make a mistake.

How many of us take a Machiavellian approach to calculate the combined chance of getting caught and the punishment if we are, instead of just going with gut feelings based on our internalised model from a lifetime of experience? Some, but not most of us.

What we get from natural selection is instinct, which I think includes what smiles look like, but that's just a fast way to get feedback.